Cryogenic kuchengetedza matangizvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri anoda kuchengetwa uye kutakurwa kwemagasi ane liquefied pane tembiricha yakaderera zvakanyanya. Aya matangi akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvinhu zviri patembiricha ye cryogenic, kazhinji iri pasi -150°C (-238°F), kuitira kuti zvirambe zviri mumhepo. Iyo yekushanda misimboti ye cryogenic yekuchengetedza matangi yakavakirwa pane thermodynamics uye mainjiniya masimboti ayo anovimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kugona kwekuchengetedza zvinhu izvi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve cryogenic kuchengetedza matangi ndeye insulation system. Tangi yacho inowanzo madziro maviri, nemadziro ekunze achishanda sechidziviriro uye madziro emukati akabata gasi rine liquefied. Nzvimbo iri pakati pemadziro maviri inobviswa kuti igadzire vacuum, iyo inoderedza kutamisa kupisa uye inodzivirira kurasikirwa kweiyo cryogenic tembiricha. Iyi insulation system yakakosha mukuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera mukati metangi uye kudzivirira gasi rakanyungudutswa kubva pakubuda.
Pamusoro peiyo insulation system,cryogenic kuchengetedza matangizvakare shandisa zvinhu zvine hunyanzvi kuti zvimire kutonhora kwakanyanya. Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakuvaka matangi aya zvakanyatsosarudzwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuenderana kwavo nezvinhu zve cryogenic uye kugona kwavo kutsungirira kutonhora kwakadzika pasina kuve brittle kana kurasikirwa nekuvimbika kwavo kwechimiro. Simbi isina tsvina uye aluminium alloys inowanzoshandiswa pakuvaka kwemukati mudziyo, nepo kabhoni simbi inowanzoshandiswa kune kunze goko. Izvi zvinhu zvinoedzwa zvakaomesesa uye nhanho dzekudzora mhando kuti ive nechokwadi chekukodzera kwavo cryogenic application.
Kuchengetedzwa uye kutakura kwezvinhu zve cryogenic zvinodawo kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu akasarudzika uye zvigadziriso zvinogona kushanda zvinobudirira pakudziya kwakaderera. Izvi zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kudonha uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwetangi, kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro akanyanya ekuchengetedza cryogenic. Pamusoro pezvo, matangi akashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekuyamura yekumanikidza kudzivirira zvakanyanya-kudzvanya uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza system.
Nheyo yekushanda yematangi ekuchengetedza cryogenic inosanganisirawo kushandiswa kwemafiriji masisitimu kuchengetedza kudziya kwakadzika mukati metangi. Aya masisitimu akagadzirwa kuti arambe achibvisa kupisa kubva mutangi uye kudzora tembiricha yegasi rakanyungudutswa kuti rirambe riri mumamiriro ayo emvura. Iwo mafiriji masisitimu akanyatsogadzirwa uye anotariswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwawo uye kuvimbika, sezvo chero kutadza kungakonzera kurasikirwa kweiyo cryogenic tembiricha uye nekugona kubuda kwezvinhu mukati metangi.
Mumaindasitiri akadai sehutano, kugadzira chikafu, uye kugadzira zvemagetsi, matangi ekuchengetera cryogenic anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza uye kutakura zvinhu zvakaita semvura nitrogen, okisijeni yemvura, uye mvura helium. Zvinhu izvi zvinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kubva pakuchengetedza biological samples uye zvekushandisa pakurapa kusvika pakutonhodza superconducting magineti uye semiconductor zvinhu. Iko kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakanyatsoshanda kwematangi ekuchengetedza cryogenic kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuwanikwa uye kunaka kwezvinhu izvi kune akasiyana maindasitiri maitiro.
Nheyo yekushanda yematangi ekuchengetedza cryogenic yakakoshawo mumunda wekuchengetedza simba uye kutakura. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) uye liquid hydrogen zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa semamwe mafuta emotokari nekugadzira magetsi. Kuchengetera uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu izvi zvecryogenic zvinoda nyanzvi dze cryogenic matangi anogona kuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera uye kubata akasiyana ezvinwiwa izvi. Nheyo dzekuchengetedza cryogenic dzakakosha mukuona kushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda kweaya mamwe mafuta.
Nheyo yekushanda yematangi ekuchengetera cryogenic yakakoshawo muindasitiri yemuchadenga, uko cryogenic propellants senge liquid oxygen uye liquid hydrogen inoshandiswa mumaroketi propulsion systems. Aya mapropellant anofanirwa kuchengetwa uye kutakurwa pane tembiricha ye cryogenic kuti arambe akatsiga uye ave nechokwadi chekupisa kwakanaka panguva yekukwira kweroketi. Matangi ekuchengetera eCryogenic anoita basa rakakosha mukupa zvivakwa zvinodikanwa zvekuchengeta uye kubata aya mapropellants muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga.
Mukupedzisa, nheyo yekushanda yecryogenic kuchengetedza matangiyakavakirwa pamisimboti ye thermodynamics, engineering, uye sainzi yezvinhu. Aya matangi akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera inodiwa pakuchengetedza uye kutakura magasi ane liquefied, uku uchivimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwegadziriro yekuchengetedza. Iwo masisitimu ekudzivirira, zvishandiso, mavharuvhu, uye mafiriji masisitimu anoshandiswa mumatangi ekuchengetera cryogenic akanyatsogadzirwa uye akaedzwa kuti asangane nematambudziko akasiyana ekubata cryogenic zvinhu. Ingave mumaindasitiri, simba, kana aerospace application, cryogenic matangi ekuchengetera akakosha pakuona kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwemagasi ane liquefied patembiricha yakaderera zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-03-2024
